Lowest dl throughput. But some time to increase pumping we can use multiple stream option “P”. Due to the breadth of products and variety of traffic patterns at Cloudflare, we need both. 1-1 and Table 5. Viewing 15 posts - 1 through 15 (of 22 total) Symptom: The DL Speedtest throughput was only about 150Mbps and need analysis reason. The highest average values of DL throughput and ping recorded at off-peak hours are 14. The key difference is 'number of subframes /sec' parts as marked in red. 2) The DL and UL max data rate supported by the UE is calculated by band or band combinations supported by the UE. check the results of the trace. But the way we measure DL RF conditions is based on the following which measure interference on the UE side. In contrast, this work has proposed a In case of R99 or HSPA, the ideal throughput is described in a neat page of table and a lot of people knows what kind of throughput they have to expect, but in LTE the situation got much more complicated since there can be several factors determines the throughput and each of the factors can have so many different values. It'll feel like you're playing the game right on your computer. This threshold is defined by your network policies and practices By Khushboo Kalyani, LitePoint | December 6, 2021. This helps to get good throughput for small CPU or low end Android phones. Summary of Furthermore, in comparison to its ML and DL counterparts, the proposed throughput prediction method is also found to deliver higher QoE to both streaming and live video users when used in conjunction with popular Model Predictive Control (MPC) based adaptive bitrate streaming algorithms. Recent works have advocated using Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) for cellular network throughput prediction. Detecting and diagnosing the root cause of failures in mobile networks is an increasingly demanding and time-consuming UL: same as DL. Throughput is the amount of data successfully transferred over an internet connection and can be affected by network congestion or a shaky connection. This definition is important as we This throughput often get configured with the throughput calculated at the last step of this process. The data rate at this step is determined only by number of REs allocated for the data and the modulation method (QPSK, QAM, 16 QAM etc). I Introduction; II Background and Related Work; III Measurement Settings and Methodology; IV Measurement Results and Analyses. Simply select network type and type in the LCID/CID. After looking at pcap, we see all packets received on sgi (with different lengths) transmitted with size 1416 when GTP encapsulated on s1u. So, I have decided to write about the various aspects which can help in LTE throughput optimization. But if the Abstract: With the coming of 5G era, wireless transmissions of high data rates in the uplink (UL) are intensely demanded, for supporting low-latency wireless transmissions in various applications. Physical layer data throughput can be calculated accurately for different scenarios. Although similar to DL throughput, UL throughput has special considerations to take when analyzing performance issues on a network. If the latency is low (say, 20 milliseconds), your character will jump almost instantly after you press the button. If you knows of the MCS, Number of RBs scheduled by eNB (Network), you can calculate the throughput as in FDD Throughput Calculation and TDD Throughput Calculation page. Low demand throughput is due to lousy load distribution among In the case of HSDPA transfer, so on DL direction, for a category 8 UE for example, the maximum achievable throughput is 7. However, the rough estimation for a maximum throughput can roughly be estimated by following equation: • [0. 8× better throughput and 10× better 99. 2. Based from my experience, we can do the following to obtained maximum Below you can find a simple LTE throughput calculator. In normal DL or UL subframe, TBS/subframe can be calculated in the same way as in FDD. The throughput at the last step in the process can be defined as physical layer throughput. 1-2, but real code rate can Low spectral efficiency users average 2. DL > UL: It’s observed that DL STA throughput is more than UL STA throughput. Simply put, the data rate goes higher as the modulation schedule progress in QPSK -> 16QAM -> 64QAM -> 256QAM (NOTE : in reality, not only modulation scheme but also coderate affects the data rate, a specific parameter defined in 3GPP spec called MCS (modulation Amongst the target use models of 5G, ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) applications that are highly sensitive to latency must target a BLER between 10-9 to 10-5 for latency <1 msec vs. Block-error rate provides an effective metric in demodulation and determining receiver sensitivity. Operator B obtains the highest data rate in DL during off-peak hours and UL during peak hours. To obtain the correct result, it is necessary to enter such important parameters as: mode of 4G LTE network, number of aggregated carriers, number of Throughput Calculation - TDD . AUE supporting NR (NR SA, MR-DC) shall EDGE Low DL Throughput. 2 Mbps and 25 ms, respectively. Mid-band 5G, including C-Band (3. 33 to 0. More details how to calculate maximum LTE throughput. There are 5 sub-frames, each of 2 ms long on each frame. However, if you ask what is the maximum achievavle Sprout is an end-to-end transport protocol for interactive applications that desire high throughput and low delay. To obtain the correct result, it is necessary to enter such important parameters as: mode of 5G network, number of 5G New Radio (5G NR), has now been deployed in all available bands: low (< 1 GHz), mid (1–6 GHz), and high (> 24 GHz), each with a trade-off between coverage and throughput/latency performance. Step 1: Identify cell with low DL (downlink) throughput a) The first thing is to identify those cells with low throughput. #LTEOPTIMIZATION #LTE # LTESOFFPARAMETERSPoor CQI Reason in 4G & Optimization?https: Cell ID Calculator . 92) and modulation scheme (QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256QAM) different throughput values can be addressed. The first step to analyze a potential HSDPA throughput issue is to check the network allocation on HS-SCCH channel. It is determined by a complicated algorithm. 08] → Frequency Range FR1 for UL Also the counter which keeps track of how throughput is being estimated for the UE is important to know. Throughput Considerations: The selected MCS directly impacts the achievable throughput. IV-A Overview of the Observed 4G and 5G Deployments; IV-B Comparison of Low- and Mid-band Deployment; IV-C Comparison of Throughput Performance Between Low- and Mid-Band Channels; IV-D The second cluster has the lowest min DL throughput at beak hours. For correct result number of aggregated component carriers should be 1). Index Terms—Throughput Prediction, 5G, Kalman Filter, Ma- The MCS, SINR, DL throughput, RSRP, and relationships between the essential parameters of the LTE network, were presented with a series of broken line graphs. 4 to 20 MHz), number of antenna ports (1, 2, or 4, 8), number of OFDM symbols assigned for PDCCH (1, 2, or 3 symbols per subframe), code rate (0. Factors Influencing Throughput: Channel Bandwidth: The calculation is based on the 3GPP TS 38. Then you should think of what kind of modulation scheme is used for the traffic. I used Code Rate (R) value from 38. 214 -Table 5. 4) is applied to Time Division Duplex (TDD) mode maintaining only full duplex operation. 5G users located between C-Band sites suffer poor user experience It notices that operator E achieves the lowest data rate for DL and UL. 18] → Frequency Range FR2 for DL • [0. Type 1 lasts 10 ms equivalent to 10 subframes View lte-low-throughput-analysis-and-improvement-techniques-ppt_compress. In order to determine physical layer performance, we need to calculate the total physical resources available for different bandwidths of downlink transmission. our UE supports mtu 1400, however, we see gtp_br0 configured with mtu 1500 on the AGW. 20. Example: -b 100M with -P2 means total pumping of 100×2=200Mbps. ETSI 3GPP TR 37. In the LTE system, the UL capacity is divided between control channels and signals (SRS, DM-RS, PRACH) and the traffic channel, that is, PUSCH. from publication: Investigation of Future 5G-IoT Millimeter-Wave Network Performance at 38 GHz for Urban Microcell Outdoor High PRB Utilization && Low DL Spectral efficiency == Means high CE users that consume more PRB utilization due to bad DL-SINR/DL Bad DL throughput due to bad CQI due high load , need Date Rate Throughput defined in 3GPP 38. 99% tail latency than Shenandoah. The type 1 structure (Fig. Table 5. This threshold is defined by your network policies and practices (it The proposed system employs several KPIs to predict UE DL throughput by combining machine learning and deep learning framework for a time series forecasting rather than the traditional statistical Detecting and diagnosing the root cause of failures in mobile networks is an increasingly demanding and time-consuming task, given its technological growing complexity. Table 1 for 64QAM max, Table 2 for 256QAM max, Table 3 for Low Data Rate; TBS calculation is not as simple as in LTE. This work reports power efficient high throughput VLSI hardware architecture for RC4 stream cipher. Sprout works well over cellular wireless networks, where link speeds change dramatically with time, and current protocols build up multi-second queues in network gateways. More Tx Power The calculation is based on the 3GPP standard recommendation. The preceding 4G Long Term Evolution (4G LTE) networks also catching up to 5G mid-band by deploying in the unlicensed 5 GHz (using Step 1: Identify cell with low DL (downlink) throughput. 306(4. On 17 diverse modern workloads in a moderate heap, LXR outperforms OpenJDK’s default G1 on throughput by 4% and Shenandoah by 43%. But overall, the formula does not change, and it is visible that there are 2 ways of improving the measurement: 1- Increase the DRB data transmitted and 2- Reducing the time of the transmission. Original code from Github. Some details about parameters are listed below: Bandwidth defines how many radio resources are available Abstract: In order to estimate the DL cell average throughput of LTE network, the paper proposes an algorithm of LTE throughput based on MCS level distribution which can be used to estimate the DL cell capacity under different load conditions. Definition of Throughput: Data Transfer Rate: Throughput is the measure of how much data can be transmitted successfully over the LTE network in a specific time frame. I only implemented the high throughput path as indicated by red arrow below. Calculator is based on 3GPP communication standards and allows you to calculate the maximum throughput of 4G LTE networks. 4, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz), the total overheads, and the spectral efficiency, which is determined by the DL SINR. We made trace in this eNodeB, there is no interference. But overall, the formula does not change, and it is visible that there are 2 ways of improving the measurement: 1- Increase the DRB data transmitted and 2- Reducing the time of the transmission. 0 (2020-11) Intellectual Property Rights Essential patents IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The most Measure PDSCH throughput of the 5G NR downlink. 2 Mbps. 98 GHz), offers higher throughput compared to low-band, but lower coverage due to the propagation characteristics of the Based on system bandwidth (1. 14] → Frequency Range FR1 for DL • [0. Handling Process DL Incoming Traffic Insufficient Cause Low Throughput. . This work delineates a methodology for performing RCA of faults in the User Downlink (DL) Average Throughput Key Performance Indicator (KPI), simultaneously comparing the performance of black-box models (Light Gradient-Boosting Machine (LightGBM) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)) with glass-box models (Logistic Even in low throughput, I saw many cases that USB driver cause a lot of issues that results in a poor throughput. To obtain the correct result of Spectral Efficiency calculator, it is necessary to: calculate 5G NR Throughput (depend on number of MIMO layers, Bandwidth, Frequency range, modulation type, and so on. This Page provides information about 4G LTE Throughput calculator. TDD throughput calculation is very similar to FDD case as you see below. The practical throughput may vary widely depending on DL / The DL and UL capacities (achievable throughput) are impacted by the total BW (1. 2, Check the UL interference trace in U2000. Higher MCS values result in higher data rates, but they may be Date 2024 2023; 9/12/2024 : 2,629,536 : 2,594,681 : 9/11/2024 : 1,999,641 : 2,113,134 : 9/10/2024 : 1,947,779 Low DL throughput is the major issues in any LTE network, there are few steps that can be taken whenever we troubleshoot low DL throughput in the network. Monitor Endpoint Usage. In this post, we describe how we modified the Linux kernel to optimize for both low latency and high throughput concurrently. Lower DL-Throughput is related to the RSRP level below \(-85\) dBm, whereas higher DL-Throughput is mostly seen at the topside of RSRP. The measured data were then compared with the 3GPP theoretical This paper focuses on predicting and diagnosing low User Downlink (DL) Average Throughput situations, using supervised learning and the Tree Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) method to fulfill this objective. The corresponding MCS cell range, SINR, DL throughput, and RSRP were observed at different MCS levels. We can group causes under these two categories: Increasing DRB data. On the other hand, we need to determine how many ph Because Downlink Throughput (DL-Throughput) holds significant importance factors for network performance, DL-Throughput prediction can be used to evaluate the quality of cellular networks. 901-5 version 16. Whenever we do drive test, this is the most accurate way to know the actual throughput obtained. In case of very high throughput case, you have to consider the USB version as well. Turbo codes are used for control channels, while LDPC codes are employed for data channels. Moreover, all UEs (100% of max UEs) take this min throughput in this cluster, although CQI and MCS are good. What is Throughput? • The term throughput refers to ratio of data transmitted in unit of time. Following shows the number of PDSCH RBs for scheduled slot. So the number of all The second cluster has the lowest min DL throughput at beak hours. lte LOW throughput analysis & improvement techniques objective Analysis Analysis Flow for Dl throughput Analysis Flow for Dl throughput investigation investigation Total Total performance performance Check all On the widely-used Lucene search engine in a tight heap, LXR delivers 7. Download respectively. The algorithm is convenient for operation and useful in guiding network in nokia, throughput formula names IP_TPUT_VOL_DL_QCI_1 and in huawei are bits PDCP SDU (which means received from ip layer should be identical) well i cant explain why nokia seems to be showing low throughput thanks for #LTELowThroughput #4GLowThroughput#CQI #4GCQISubscribe Like & Share. a) The first thing is to identify those cells with low throughput. This article explains the impact of control overhead especially PDCCH and the procedures that can be used to optimize it. 6Mbps DL throughput which means their time to content is too slow. • The unit of throughput is bits per second or bps. 0 Release 16 2 ETSI TR 137 901-5 V16. Another difference is about TBS each subframe as marked in blue. eNB estimate of the throughput of PDCP SDU bits in uplink for packet sizes or data bursts (where a UL data burst is the collective data received while the eNB estimate of the UE buffer size is continuously above zero) that are large enough to require transmissions to be split across several TTIs, by excluding The LTE physical layer supports two types of frame structures as types 1 and 2. 1. a typical value of 10-2 in LTE. For example, it would be impossible to achieve Cat 6 Max throughput (300 Mbps) if you use USB v2, you should use USB v3 to achieve this level On the widely-used Lucene search engine in a tight heap, LXR delivers 7. For a more detailed explanation of the steps implemented in this example, see Model 5G NR Communication Links and DL-SCH and PDSCH Transmit and Receive It implies that the low DL MAC throughput in PCI A is likely to be scheduling differences. But we have to check a couple of other parameters (like number of RBs for each slot and SLIV) for further clarification. Thus, RSRP measurement is one of the most effective features in predicting the process. 1, Check the data below as an example, the uplink throughput is fluctuated at the same position, while at the same time the downlink is stable. Download scientific diagram | Average user throughput vs number of users. 3, We delete the data with the explicitly abnormal . B where B = 12 features after removing low correlated ones with UE DL throughput, and with one feature of the highly correlated feature pairs being removed to reduce the system Tuning TCP servers for both low latency and high WAN throughput usually involves making tradeoffs. Two VLSI architectures have been developed for RC4 algorithm which shows power efficiency and frequency/throughput improvement compared to 5G enhanced Mobile broadband (eMBB) aims to provide users with a peak data rate of 20 Gbps in the Radio Access Network (RAN). It is expressed in terms of bits per second (bps), kilobits per second (kbps), or megabits per second (Mbps). Interference : In Downlink (DL) , There are no counters at the UE side. It calculates maximum DL throughput depending on bandwidth, MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) and MIMO usage. The throughput for a device working in a live network would vary at every moment as you can see this drive test. LTE Throughput Optimization is one of the most frequently discussed topic. However, since most Congestion Control Algorithms (CCAs) rely on startup and probe phases to discover the bottleneck bandwidth, they cannot quickly utilize the available RAN bandwidth and adapt to fast However, in reality for low batch sizes (white dot), the observed performance is lower than maximum – how much lower is a measure of the MBU. 3) is used for Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode; however, the type 2 structure (Fig. Use this page calculate things such as eNB ID/RNC-ID/BSIC or hex values of IDs. Low demand throughput is due to lousy load distribution among Throughput Prediction is one of the primary preconditions for the uninterrupted operation of several network-aware mobile applications, namely video streaming. 5G user equipment receiver performance is critical for high-quality connectivity and maximum data throughput. Just in terms of theoretical throughput, M1 Downlink Max throughput is same as DL Category 0 which is 1 Mbps, but considering the repetivity scheduling, MPDCCH and PDSCH in separate subframes, Half Duplex operation, it will not be easy to achieve this throughput. 7–3. In the second cluster, CEU has very bad throughput during the peak in all bands. 3. 306 standard: NR User Equipment (UE) radio access capabilities and uses formula to obtain a 5G NR Throughput data rate in the DL (downlink) and the UL (uplink). Throughput estimation for 5G is complex, involving many factors and deep knowledge of the 5G standards. Ericsson defined throughput (UL or DL) is "the speed at which packets are being transferred by the time the first packet has been scheduled in the air interface". For example, CQI distribution counters. According the gNodeB trace during DL speedtest , the data in DL buffer was insufficient and most time the DL buffer was empty. Lai C-Y, Santos S, Chiesa M (2020) Predicting the suitability of lateritic soil type for low cost sustainable housing with image recognition and machine LTE Throughput Calculator . It seems the number of RB in in PCI A is just a little bit less than the 5G NR uses Turbo and Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes for channel coding. Use this calculator to calculate LTE throughput, and carrier aggregation Throughput. This paper focuses on predicting and diagnosing low User Downlink (DL) Average Throughput situations, using supervised learning and the Tree Shapley Additive Explanations It covers the same for 5G downlink throughput and 5G uplink throughput. In this paper, a joint downlink (DL) and UL optimization to maximize the sum of UL throughput of devices for a given sum of DL throughput in a wireless powered Low throughput delivers poor performance for end-users. pdf from ITU 2 at Istanbul Technical University. The SINR> 10dB and UL MAX Throughput . There are many different ways to minimize latency and we’re going to look at some of the simplest ways here. The 5G throughput in the downlink refers to 5G-NB to UE data rate while in the uplink it refers to UE to 5G-NB data rate. Throughput as a function of BLER We are observing low DL throughput (~3 Mbps), but good UL throughput (~18 Mbps) within our PoC. For large batch sizes (yellow region), the system is compute bound, and the achieved throughput as a fraction of the peak possible throughput is measured as the Model Flops Utilization (MFU). The reasons are 1. This topic has 21 replies, 1 voice, and was last updated 14 years, 11 months ago by KB. 1- Scheduler Fairness: Low-band 5G provides a solid foundation for wider coverage but lower throughput, thus ensuring a reliable connection in rural areas where coverage is the primary concern. cvot lvn qwm ayqdko xpbvb kigwqlm qdmtk yafxy xgez amndj